red dye

* * *

* * *

fūcōsus, a, um, adj. [id.], painted, colored, beautified, counterfeit, spurious (Ciceron.):

visae merces, fallaces quidem et fucosae, chartis et linteis et vitro delatae,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 40:

vicinitas non assueta mendaciis, non fucosa, non fallax, non erudita artificio simulationis,

id. Planc. 7, 22:

ambitiosae fucosaeque amicitiae,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2.

† fūcus, i, m., = phukos, rock-lichen, orchil, used as a red dye for woollen goods, Lichen roccella, Linn., Plin. 26, 10, 66, § 103 sq.:

ut lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet,

Quint. 12, 10, 75.—

Transf., red or purple color.

In gen.:

infici vestes scimus admirabili fuco,

Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 3; Hor. C. 3, 5, 28; id. Ep. 1, 10, 27 Orell. ad loc.; Ov. M. 6, 222 al.—

In partic.

Rouge, paint for the complexion:

vetulae, quae vitia corporis fuco occulunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118:

si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco tinxerit,

Prop. 2, 18, 31 (3, 11, 10 M.):

mangones colorem fuco, et rerum robur inani sagina mentiantur,

Quint. 2, 15, 25.—

Dross, alloy, adulteration:

adulteratur (sal) rubrica aut testa trita, qui fucus aqua deprehenditur diluente,

Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91.—

For propolis (q. v.), the reddish juice with which bees stop up the entrances to their hive, bee-glue, Verg. G. 4, 39. —

Trop., pretence, disguise, deceit, dissimulation:

his tribus figuris insidere quidam venustatis non fuco illitus, sed sanguine diffusus debet color,

Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 199; cf.:

sententiae tam verae, tam novae, tam sine pigmentis fucoque puerili,

id. ib. 2, 45, 188:

fuco ementitus color,

Quint. 8, 3, 6:

in oratoris aut in poëtae cincinnis ac fuco,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 100:

mercem sine fucis gestat,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

nec sycophantiis nec fucis ullum mantellum obviam est,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 6:

sine fuco ac fallaciis,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1: deum sese in hominem convertisse... fucum factum mulieri, i. e. to deceive, impose upon (vulg.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 41:

si eum, qui tibi promiserit, audieris fucum, ut dicitur, facere velle aut senseris,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 35.

* * *

crŭento, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cruentus], to make bloody, to spot with blood (class.).

Lit.: vigiles, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4:

manus suorum sanguine,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; cf. Liv. 23, 9, 4, and Tac. H. 1, 58 fin.:

cornipedem ferratā calce,

Sil. 17, 541:

gladium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14; cf.

tela,

Ov. M. 8, 424:

ōs,

id. ib. 4, 104:

dextras,

id. ib. 11, 23:

cruentati redeunt,

id. ib. 3, 572:

ut sequenti die Luna se in Aquario cruentaret,

would appear to be stained with blood, Suet. Dom. 16.—

Trop.:

haec te lacerat, haec cruentat oratio,

wounds, Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86 (v. the figure in its connection).—

Transf.

To spot, stain, pollute:

vestem,

Lucr. 4, 1033.—

To dye red, to tinge with red (post-Aug.):

conchylio vestis cruentatur,

Sen. Contr 2, 15 fin.; so Stat. S. 1, 5, 38.

* * *

mūto, āvi, ātum (arch. subj. mutassis, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 49; inf. pass. mutarier, id. Men. prol. 74), 1, v. a. and n. freq. [moveo].

Prop., to move, to move away or from its place, to move to a place (rare):

neque se luna quoquam mutat,

does not move, does not budge, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 117: illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, does not quit her dress or her dwelling, Hor. S. 2, 7, 64:

ne quis invitus civitate mutetur,

be forced to leave, be driven from, Cic. Balb. 13, 30:

hinc dum muter,

if I can only get away from here, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 73.—

Transf.

Of change in the thing spoken of itself.

In gen.

Act., to alter, change a thing (freq. and class.; cf.

vario): sententiam mutare numquam,

Cic. Mur 29, 61: ego rogatus mutavi consilium meum. id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudinem dicendi,

id. Brut. 91, 314:

mentes vestras voluntatesque,

id. Prov. Cons. 10, 25:

cum testamentum mutare cuperet,

id. Clu. 11, 31: propositum. Petr. 116:

ne haec mutet fidem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 36: nequeo exorare [p. 1181] ut me maneat et cum illo ut mutet fidem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28:

tabulas,

to alter one's will, Juv. 14, 55.— Absol.:

natura nescia mutari,

incapable of change, Juv. 13, 240. —With ob:

mutatum jus ob unius feneratoris libidinem,

Liv. 8, 28, 1:

facilem mutatu gentem,

Tac. A. 14, 23.—With ad:

gubernatori ad incursus tempestatum... ratio mutanda est,

Quint. 10, 7, 3:

ad singulas paene distinctiones vultus mutandus est,

id. 11, 3, 47.—With Gr. acc.:

mutata suos flumina cursus,

Verg. E. 8, 4:

negat quicquam ex Latinā ratione mutandum,

Quint. 1, 5, 89.—With cum:

cum illo fidem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28 supra; more freq. cum aliquā re, to change with or under the influence of a thing:

facies locorum cum ventis simul mutatur,

Sall. J. 78, 3:

qui cum fortunā non animum mutāsset,

Vell. 2, 82, 2:

quarum uvarum vini jucunditas cum regione mutatur,

Col. 3, 2, 16; Ambros. in Abrah. 2, 10, 68.—With in and acc.:

bona facile mutantur in pejus,

Quint. 1, 1, 5.—With ex:

nisi forte non ex Graeco mutantes, etc.,

Quint. 3, 4, 14:

ex feminis mutari in mares,

Plin. 7, 4, 3, § 36. —With de:

de uxore nihil mutat,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 46.—With ab:

quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore,

Verg. A. 2, 274:

longe mutatus ab illo Sampsone, qui, etc.,

Ambros. Spir. Sanc. 2, prol. § 13.—Non mutat, with rel.-clause, it makes no difference: nec mutat confestim, an interjecto tempore, fidem suam adstrinxerunt, Pap. Dig. 46, 1, 52, § 2. —With abl. instrum. ( poet.):

ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur in annos,

Hor. A. P. 60.—

Neutr., = mutari, to alter, change:

quantum mores mutaverint argumentum,

Liv. 39, 51, 10:

postquam mutabat aestus,

Tac. A. 2, 23; 12, 20:

annona ex ante convectā copiā nihil mutavit,

Liv. 5, 13, 1:

mox in superbiam mutans,

Tac. A. 12, 29:

adeo animi mutaverant, ut clariorem inter Romanos deditio Postumium... faceret,

Liv. 9, 12, 3:

tantum mutāsse fortunam, ut, etc.,

id. 29, 3, 10; 39, 51, 10.—

To differ, be different:

pastiones hiberno ac verno tempore hoc mutant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 12:

quantum mutare a Menandro Caecilius visus est,

Gell. 2, 23, 7.—

Of style, to vary:

an ego... poetis, et maxime tragicis concederem, ut ne omnibus locis eādem contentione uterentur, crebroque mutarent? etc.,

Cic. Or. 31, 109.—

In partic.

To change the color of, to color, dye (cf.:

inficio, imbuo): aries jam suave rubenti Murice, jam croceo mutabit vellera luto,

Verg. E. 4, 44:

nec lanarum colores, quibus simplex ille candor mutatus est, elui possunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5.—

To change for the better, make better, to improve: placet tibi factum, Micio? Mi.:

non, si queam mutare,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 19.—

To change for the worse; pass., of wine, to spoil, turn, etc.:

ac, nisi mutatum, parcit defundere vinum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 58:

melle mutatum (sc. balsamum),

adulterated, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 122.—

Of change in its relation to other things, etc.

In gen., to change one thing, etc., for another:

mutatis ad celeritatem jumentis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11:

vestimenta mutanti tunica ardere visa est,

Suet. Tib. 14:

calceos et vestimenta,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28.—Esp. freq.: mutare vestem, to change one's dress: An. Muta vestem. Ch. Ubi mutem?... An. Eamus ad me. Ibi proximum'st ubi mutes, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 61 sqq.:

mutando nunc vestem, nunc tegumenta capitis,

Liv. 22, 1, 3; Sen. Ep. 18, 2.—Esp., to put on the garb of mourning, of humility, etc.:

pro me praesente senatus hominumque praeterea viginti millia vestem mutaverunt,

Cic. post Red. ad Quir. 3, 8:

non modo ut vestem mutaret, aut supplex prensaret homines, sed, etc.,

Liv. 2, 61; 8, 37, 9; Cic. Sest. 11, 26; Hor. C. 1, 35, 23.—

Esp.

Mutata verba, i. e. figurative:

mutata (verba), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud, quod idem significet, sumptum ex re aliquā consequenti,

Cic. Or. 27, 92.—

Of style, to vary, alter:

reliquum est ut dicas de conversā oratione atque mutatā,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 23:

genus eloquendi... mutatum,

id. ib. 5, 16.—

Of one's assertion or promise:

quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,

will not break my word, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90.—

Of place, to change, shift, alter:

locum ex loco mutans (sc. typhon) rapidā vertigine,

Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 132; cf.: quod nec injussu populi mutari finibus posset, to be removed, Liv. 5, 46, 11:

exsules sunt, etiam si solum non mutārunt,

i. e. gone into exile, Cic. Par. 4, 31:

jussa pars mutare Lares et urbem Sospite cursu,

Hor. C. Sec. 39.—

Of common or reciprocal relations, to interchange, exchange.—With cum:

cum amplificatione vectigalium nomen Hieronicae legis mutare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 8, § 19:

ut vestem cum illo mutem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 24:

ne cujus suorum popularium mutatam secum fortunam esse vellent,

Liv. 21, 45, 6.—With pro:

C. Hostilio pro Etruriā Tarentum mutaverant (sonatus) provinciam, pro Tarento Capuam mutaverunt,

Liv. 27, 35, 14:

non debere eum incerta pro certis mutare,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

mutatos pro Macedonibus Romanos dominos,

Liv. 34, 49, 6.—With abl. of that for which the exchange, etc., is made:

quid terras alio calentes Sole mutamus (patriā),

Hor. C. 2, 16, 19:

victoriae possessionem incertā pace mutāsse,

Liv. 9, 12, 2; also with abl. of that given in exchange, etc.:

victrice patriā victam mutari,

id. 5, 30, 3.—So esp. of trading, etc., to exchange, barter, sell, etc.:

coepit captivos conmercari Aleos, si quem reperire possit, qui mutet suum,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 28; cf.:

homines captivos conmercatur, si queat Aliquem invenire, suum qui mutet filium,

id. ib. 1, 1, 33;

1, 2, 68: hic mutat merces surgente a sole, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 29:

mutandi copia,

Sall. J. 18, 5.—With abl.:

uvam Furtivā mutat strigili,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 109:

suburbanis lactens porcus aere mutandus est,

Col. 7, 9, 4:

caetera reponantur, vel aere mutentur,

id. 8, 5, 4:

aere mutandi sunt (sc. apri),

id. 9, 1, 7:

quamvis Milesia magno Vellera mutentur,

Verg. G. 3, 307; so with cum and pers. with whom the exchange is made:

eaque mutare cum mercatoribus vino advecticio,

Sall. J. 44, 5.—With inter:

mutare res inter se instituerant,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

To forsake, abandon, leave:

mutare, derelinquere,

Non. p. 351, 1:

expertum jam principem anxii mutabant,

Tac. H. 3, 44: mihi non persuadetur... mutem meos, Lucil. ap. Non. 351, 3: mutataque sidera pondus Quaesivere suum, i. e. forsaken or abandoned by the gods, Petr. poët. 124, 264.—Hence, mūtā-tus, a, um, P. a., changed, i. e. different, successive:

quae (facies) mutatis inducitur atque fovetur Tot medicaminibus,

Juv. 6, 472.

mūto, ōnis, m., = membrum virile (rare and only poet.), Lucil. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 68; also id. ib. Orell. (K. and H. muttonis).

Mūto, a Roman surname, Cic. Fragm. Or. pro Fundan. p. 445 Orell.

mūto, āvi, ātum (arch. subj. mutassis, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 49; inf. pass. mutarier, id. Men. prol. 74), 1, v. a. and n. freq. [moveo].

Prop., to move, to move away or from its place, to move to a place (rare):

neque se luna quoquam mutat,

does not move, does not budge, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 117: illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, does not quit her dress or her dwelling, Hor. S. 2, 7, 64:

ne quis invitus civitate mutetur,

be forced to leave, be driven from, Cic. Balb. 13, 30:

hinc dum muter,

if I can only get away from here, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 73.—

Transf.

Of change in the thing spoken of itself.

In gen.

Act., to alter, change a thing (freq. and class.; cf.

vario): sententiam mutare numquam,

Cic. Mur 29, 61: ego rogatus mutavi consilium meum. id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudinem dicendi,

id. Brut. 91, 314:

mentes vestras voluntatesque,

id. Prov. Cons. 10, 25:

cum testamentum mutare cuperet,

id. Clu. 11, 31: propositum. Petr. 116:

ne haec mutet fidem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 36: nequeo exorare [p. 1181] ut me maneat et cum illo ut mutet fidem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28:

tabulas,

to alter one's will, Juv. 14, 55.— Absol.:

natura nescia mutari,

incapable of change, Juv. 13, 240. —With ob:

mutatum jus ob unius feneratoris libidinem,

Liv. 8, 28, 1:

facilem mutatu gentem,

Tac. A. 14, 23.—With ad:

gubernatori ad incursus tempestatum... ratio mutanda est,

Quint. 10, 7, 3:

ad singulas paene distinctiones vultus mutandus est,

id. 11, 3, 47.—With Gr. acc.:

mutata suos flumina cursus,

Verg. E. 8, 4:

negat quicquam ex Latinā ratione mutandum,

Quint. 1, 5, 89.—With cum:

cum illo fidem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28 supra; more freq. cum aliquā re, to change with or under the influence of a thing:

facies locorum cum ventis simul mutatur,

Sall. J. 78, 3:

qui cum fortunā non animum mutāsset,

Vell. 2, 82, 2:

quarum uvarum vini jucunditas cum regione mutatur,

Col. 3, 2, 16; Ambros. in Abrah. 2, 10, 68.—With in and acc.:

bona facile mutantur in pejus,

Quint. 1, 1, 5.—With ex:

nisi forte non ex Graeco mutantes, etc.,

Quint. 3, 4, 14:

ex feminis mutari in mares,

Plin. 7, 4, 3, § 36. —With de:

de uxore nihil mutat,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 46.—With ab:

quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore,

Verg. A. 2, 274:

longe mutatus ab illo Sampsone, qui, etc.,

Ambros. Spir. Sanc. 2, prol. § 13.—Non mutat, with rel.-clause, it makes no difference: nec mutat confestim, an interjecto tempore, fidem suam adstrinxerunt, Pap. Dig. 46, 1, 52, § 2. —With abl. instrum. ( poet.):

ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur in annos,

Hor. A. P. 60.—

Neutr., = mutari, to alter, change:

quantum mores mutaverint argumentum,

Liv. 39, 51, 10:

postquam mutabat aestus,

Tac. A. 2, 23; 12, 20:

annona ex ante convectā copiā nihil mutavit,

Liv. 5, 13, 1:

mox in superbiam mutans,

Tac. A. 12, 29:

adeo animi mutaverant, ut clariorem inter Romanos deditio Postumium... faceret,

Liv. 9, 12, 3:

tantum mutāsse fortunam, ut, etc.,

id. 29, 3, 10; 39, 51, 10.—

To differ, be different:

pastiones hiberno ac verno tempore hoc mutant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 12:

quantum mutare a Menandro Caecilius visus est,

Gell. 2, 23, 7.—

Of style, to vary:

an ego... poetis, et maxime tragicis concederem, ut ne omnibus locis eādem contentione uterentur, crebroque mutarent? etc.,

Cic. Or. 31, 109.—

In partic.

To change the color of, to color, dye (cf.:

inficio, imbuo): aries jam suave rubenti Murice, jam croceo mutabit vellera luto,

Verg. E. 4, 44:

nec lanarum colores, quibus simplex ille candor mutatus est, elui possunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5.—

To change for the better, make better, to improve: placet tibi factum, Micio? Mi.:

non, si queam mutare,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 19.—

To change for the worse; pass., of wine, to spoil, turn, etc.:

ac, nisi mutatum, parcit defundere vinum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 58:

melle mutatum (sc. balsamum),

adulterated, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 122.—

Of change in its relation to other things, etc.

In gen., to change one thing, etc., for another:

mutatis ad celeritatem jumentis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11:

vestimenta mutanti tunica ardere visa est,

Suet. Tib. 14:

calceos et vestimenta,

Cic. Mil. 10, 28.—Esp. freq.: mutare vestem, to change one's dress: An. Muta vestem. Ch. Ubi mutem?... An. Eamus ad me. Ibi proximum'st ubi mutes, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 61 sqq.:

mutando nunc vestem, nunc tegumenta capitis,

Liv. 22, 1, 3; Sen. Ep. 18, 2.—Esp., to put on the garb of mourning, of humility, etc.:

pro me praesente senatus hominumque praeterea viginti millia vestem mutaverunt,

Cic. post Red. ad Quir. 3, 8:

non modo ut vestem mutaret, aut supplex prensaret homines, sed, etc.,

Liv. 2, 61; 8, 37, 9; Cic. Sest. 11, 26; Hor. C. 1, 35, 23.—

Esp.

Mutata verba, i. e. figurative:

mutata (verba), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud, quod idem significet, sumptum ex re aliquā consequenti,

Cic. Or. 27, 92.—

Of style, to vary, alter:

reliquum est ut dicas de conversā oratione atque mutatā,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 23:

genus eloquendi... mutatum,

id. ib. 5, 16.—

Of one's assertion or promise:

quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,

will not break my word, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 90.—

Of place, to change, shift, alter:

locum ex loco mutans (sc. typhon) rapidā vertigine,

Plin. 2, 48, 49, § 132; cf.: quod nec injussu populi mutari finibus posset, to be removed, Liv. 5, 46, 11:

exsules sunt, etiam si solum non mutārunt,

i. e. gone into exile, Cic. Par. 4, 31:

jussa pars mutare Lares et urbem Sospite cursu,

Hor. C. Sec. 39.—

Of common or reciprocal relations, to interchange, exchange.—With cum:

cum amplificatione vectigalium nomen Hieronicae legis mutare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 8, § 19:

ut vestem cum illo mutem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 24:

ne cujus suorum popularium mutatam secum fortunam esse vellent,

Liv. 21, 45, 6.—With pro:

C. Hostilio pro Etruriā Tarentum mutaverant (sonatus) provinciam, pro Tarento Capuam mutaverunt,

Liv. 27, 35, 14:

non debere eum incerta pro certis mutare,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

mutatos pro Macedonibus Romanos dominos,

Liv. 34, 49, 6.—With abl. of that for which the exchange, etc., is made:

quid terras alio calentes Sole mutamus (patriā),

Hor. C. 2, 16, 19:

victoriae possessionem incertā pace mutāsse,

Liv. 9, 12, 2; also with abl. of that given in exchange, etc.:

victrice patriā victam mutari,

id. 5, 30, 3.—So esp. of trading, etc., to exchange, barter, sell, etc.:

coepit captivos conmercari Aleos, si quem reperire possit, qui mutet suum,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 28; cf.:

homines captivos conmercatur, si queat Aliquem invenire, suum qui mutet filium,

id. ib. 1, 1, 33;

1, 2, 68: hic mutat merces surgente a sole, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 29:

mutandi copia,

Sall. J. 18, 5.—With abl.:

uvam Furtivā mutat strigili,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 109:

suburbanis lactens porcus aere mutandus est,

Col. 7, 9, 4:

caetera reponantur, vel aere mutentur,

id. 8, 5, 4:

aere mutandi sunt (sc. apri),

id. 9, 1, 7:

quamvis Milesia magno Vellera mutentur,

Verg. G. 3, 307; so with cum and pers. with whom the exchange is made:

eaque mutare cum mercatoribus vino advecticio,

Sall. J. 44, 5.—With inter:

mutare res inter se instituerant,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

To forsake, abandon, leave:

mutare, derelinquere,

Non. p. 351, 1:

expertum jam principem anxii mutabant,

Tac. H. 3, 44: mihi non persuadetur... mutem meos, Lucil. ap. Non. 351, 3: mutataque sidera pondus Quaesivere suum, i. e. forsaken or abandoned by the gods, Petr. poët. 124, 264.—Hence, mūtā-tus, a, um, P. a., changed, i. e. different, successive:

quae (facies) mutatis inducitur atque fovetur Tot medicaminibus,

Juv. 6, 472.

mūto, ōnis, m., = membrum virile (rare and only poet.), Lucil. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 68; also id. ib. Orell. (K. and H. muttonis).

Mūto, a Roman surname, Cic. Fragm. Or. pro Fundan. p. 445 Orell.

Sarra ( Sara, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 58), ae, f., Heb. Zor.

The city of Tyre, in Phœnicia, celebrated for its purple dye: Poenos Sarrā oriundos, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. G. 2, 506; cf. Serv. ad loc., and Gell. 14, 6, 4: purpuram ex Sarā tibi Attuli, Plaut. l. l.— Hence,

Sarrānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Sarra, i. e.,

Tyrian:

gens,

Sil. 1, 72:

Leptis,

built by the Tyrians, id. 3, 256:

ostrum,

Verg. G. 2, 506; Col. poët. 10, 287; cf.

murex,

Sil. 15, 205:

aulaea,

Juv. 10, 38:

violae,

purple-red, Col. 9, 4, 4. —

Transf., Carthaginian:

Juno (especially honored in Carthage),

Sil. 6, 468:

manus,

id. 9, 319:

navita,

id. 7, 432:

numina,

id. 8, 46.

vĭŏlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vis], to treat with violence (corporeally, and, more freq., mentally), to injure, dishonor, outrage, violate (cf.: laedo, polluo, contamino).

Lit. with persons as objects:

hospites violare fas non putant,

to injure, do violence to, Caes. B. G. 6, 23 fin.:

aliquem,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

patriam prodere, parentes violare,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32.—Esp.: virginem, Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 80 Müll.; Tib. 1, 6, 51; cf. Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1 fin.:

sacrum vulnere corpus,

Verg. A. 11, 591; cf.:

Getico peream violatus ab arcu,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 45.—

Transf.

With places as objects, to invade, violate, profane:

fines eorum se violaturum negavit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

loca religiosa et lucos,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

Iliacos agros ferro,

Verg. A. 11, 255:

Cereale nemus securi,

Ov. M. 8, 741:

silva vetus nullāque diu violata securi,

id. F. 4, 649.—

With the senses as objects, to outrage, shock:

oculos nostros (tua epistola),

Ov. H. 17, 1; cf.:

aures meas obsceno sermone,

Petr. 85.—

With abstract objects, to violate, outrage, break, injure, etc.:

officium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109:

jus,

id. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

virginitatem alicujus,

id. N. D. 3, 23, 59:

vitam patris,

id. Par. 3, 25:

inducias per scelus,

to break, Caes. B. C. 2, 15:

foedera,

Liv. 28, 44, 7; Tib. 1, 9, 2:

amicitiam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 1, 3:

existimationem absentis,

id. Quint. 23, 73; cf.:

nominis nostri famam tuis probris,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 82:

dignitatem alicujus in aliquā re,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 2; cf.:

injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus aut convicio aures aut aliquā turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant,

Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.—

Trop. (rare and poet.):

Indum sanguineo ostro ebur,

i. e. to dye of a blood-red, Verg. A. 12, 67 (an imitation of the Homeric elephanta phoiniki miênê, Il. 4, 141).